Unfortunately, I can’t speak from personal experience, but Wikipedia’s article on the subject is actually pretty good: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_work_environment
Here’s an article on Quora by someone who’s actually working as an engineer in Japan: https://www.quora.com/What-is-it-like-working-in-Japan
In all honesty, you may find it difficult to find a job where they’re not specifically looking for an English speaker (though again, not speaking from personal experience) – given a choice between a native Japanese speaker and a non-native speaker, most companies will go for the former, even if his ability to actually do the role is not quite as good.