Home Forums TextFugu on’yomi, kun’yomi and I am new to kanji

This topic contains 7 replies, has 3 voices, and was last updated by  Joel 8 years, 8 months ago.

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  • #48945

    example – 力 Power on’yomi りょく, りき and kun’yomi ちから. Reading: りょく, りき Vocabulary 力(ちから)= Power

    Hello I am new here and new to Kanji. I am unsure the important for learning words that have no vocabulary use. Currently it looks like I would only use ちから when I wanted to talk about power.Why learn りょく, りき or and least as well as ちから?

    Let me know if I am over worrying and it will all be explain later.

    Thank you
    -Samuel

    #48948

    Joel
    Member

    So, very rough rule of thumb is that when a kanji is sitting on its own, or has okurigana on the back (tacked-on hiragana used to indicate verb and adjective conjugations) then you use the kun’yomi, while if it’s in a compound word with other kanji, you use the on’yomi. This is a very rough rule, though, and there’s about a thousand and one exceptions.

    In this case, when 力 stands alone, it’s ちから. For example 私の力は十分じゃない = わたし の ちから は じゅうぶん じゃない

    When you use 力 in compound words, it’s りょく or りき. Poking through the dictionary, looks like it tends to be りき when it’s at the start of a word, and りょく when it’s at the end. For example:
    協力 (cooperation) = きょうりょく
    原子力 (atomic power) = げんしりょく
    力説 (emphasis) = りきせつ
    力学 (mechanics) = りきがく

    To toss in an exception:
    力水 (water given to sumo wrestlers before a match – literally “power water”) = ちからみず

    #48951

    Thank you so much Joel.

    So when I am done with all the kanji on the site I can go back and learn all the related kanji and already know haft of each one.

    Awesome!

    Haha thank you for chikara mizu! Useful vocabulary(:

    #48961

    Squiddy
    Member

    I’m glad someone asked this because I have gradually been getting more and more confused about some of the readings and their relevance.

    However thanks to you two I think I’m one step closer to understanding kanji xD

    #48963

    Thank you Squidgey. Good to know its not just me. I get bothered if I don’t know why I am learning something.

    #48968

    Joel
    Member

    The relevance is something like this: When kanji was originally introduced from China, Japan already had its own spoken language. The Chinese characters were thus used to write Japanese words which already existed, so the Japanese reading was given to the kanji – this is the kun’yomi. However, the Chinese characters already had readings attached to them – namely, the Chinese readings – and these were brought over too, becoming the on’yomi.

    In my experience it seems to me that the more nature-themed and concrete a word is, the more likely it is to use the kun’yomi. So, for example, 川口 (river mouth) uses the kun’yomi, かわぐち, because river mouths exist basically everywhere in Japan, while 人口 (population) uses the on’yomi, じんこう, because the ideas of population-counting and census-taking and whatnot was introduced from China.

    You’ll tend to find the kanji dictionaries give the kun’yomi in hiragana and the on’yomi in katakana (because it’s a “foreign” introduction), but this is purely to differentiate the two – in regular usage, readings are usually given in hiragana.

    #48969

    Squiddy
    Member

    If there was a kanji that had both a kun’yomi and on’yomi reading, which would be used?
    Would it be decided by how society has changed its dialect over time (So a reading becoming less used) or can they be used to assist sentences in a grammatical sense?

    • This reply was modified 8 years, 8 months ago by  Squiddy.
    #48972

    Joel
    Member

    Almost all kanji have both a kun’yomi and an on’yomi. Often multiple on’yomi. Some kanji have no kun’yomi, and there’s even a handful with no on’yomi.

    After all that, your best bet is probably to ignore the fuss over “well, this is kun’yomi and this is on’yomi” because you’re only going to forget. Instead, learn the vocab, and you’ll pick up the readings of the kanji as a result. Vocab is basically always read the same way, though there are some exceptions (rule number one in Japanese: all rules have exceptions, including this one). Once you’ve got a bit of vocab under your belt, you’ll start to get a feel for which reading goes where, and you’ll even start to be able to intuit the readings (and meanings) of words you’ve never seen before – and even kanji you’ve never seen before.

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