@ Jonas. Yeah, sort of. は is used to introduce a new topic of conversation (or sometimes, as Joel said, to show contrast). が marks the subject of the clause. The subject, in grammatical terms, is the thing being described by the adjective or noun, or the thing doing the verb.

*Person A notices his lunch is missing*
Person A: My lunch is gone!
Person B: Person C said that Person D ate it.

Person A’s lunch is the topic the entire time and would be marked with は. The topic of the only clause in the first sentence is also Person A’s lunch (which could be marked with が except that は and が are never used together like some other particles are (i.e. には) and は takes precedence). The second sentence has two clauses. The subject of the first is Person C, and the subject of the second is Person D.

The main thing here is that the topic never changes from “Person A’s lunch, so we never need another は.

Aさん：べんとう が なくなった！
Bさん：（べんとうは）Cさん が Dさん　が　たべた　と　いった。

I think…

Sackboy97,

の is a particle that is used when a noun is being used as a modifier.
For example, “私　の　ねこ” means “my cat”. Here 私 is being used to modify ねこ.

はず can be though of as meaning “expectation”. Saying はずです could just mean “an expectation is”, but that doesn’t convey much information. So, we need to add something to modify the “expectation”. If what we add is a noun, it will be followed by の. In ねこ　の　はず, the expectation is being modified by ‘cat’ and is there for an ‘expectation of a cat’ or ‘(I) expect (it’s) a cat.’

this word modifies……….this word………….example
noun………………の…….noun……….てつ　の　はこ an iron box
i-adj…………….(x)…….noun……….くろい　ねこ a black cat
na-adj…………….な…….noun……….しずか　な　へや a quiet room
verb……………..(x)……noun……….ねている　いぬ a sleeping dog

はず　and ３０さい are both nouns and follow the first pattern.

• This reply was modified 10 years, 9 months ago by  thisiskyle.

Tokyo Jihen

It doesn’t create two copies. When you study a brand new card in Anki it shows it to you twice. The first time is the “learning” stage or something, then the second is review. If you have a bunch of cards due, the second (review) time it comes up will be after all your other cards. That is to say, you will see the new card once to learn it, then see it again at the end of your session. If you only have one new card (and no reviews due for that deck), then this means you will see the same card twice back to back.

I forgot about burying related cards….That’s a feature built into Anki to keep you from over-studying a particular fact. If you have a bunch of cards that you are reviewing, it keeps you from seeing two related cards back to back (which is supposedly bad since you haven’t had time to ‘forget’ at all). If you only have two cards in a deck and they are related, that means that the program won’t show you both cards in a session; it will delay the second card to the next study session.

Both of these problems go away as the number of cards in a deck gets above about 10.

生き返した！The thread and my Japanese study.

In the past 3 months I have gotten dumped, cancer, surgery, robbed, relocated, and just bummed out in general. But things are on the up and up. New place, clean CAT scans, a bread maker, and a Japanese class for adults. Plus, I’m about to eat a chicken sandwich.

I’m back, baby.

What you are referring to is commonly called “The Okay Plateau” and it’s infuriating. Google that shit.

This is probably obvious, but how do I say ‘the # most adjective nouns’, as in ‘the three funniest causes of hemorrhoids’ or ‘the five most idiotic penguins’?

It’s pronounced “o” not “woah!”